What are the Causes of ADHD?

Posted on: Apr 28, 2025 | 3 mins | Written by: HDFC ERGO Team

What are the Causes of ADHD?

ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity/impulsive disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder. The symptoms begin in early childhood, before 12 years of age, and may continue into adulthood. People with ADHD have difficulty paying attention, are hyperactive and impulsive. It can affect several areas of the brain, but the exact causes of ADHD are still not unknown. However, studies have found certain risk factors which can lead to ADHD.

Causes of ADHD

While there is no clear-cut cause of ADHD, researchers have attributed the disorder to some factors which can increase the risk of developing it.

1. Genetic

ADHD often runs in the family. If a parent or sibling has ADHD, the child is at increased risk of developing it.

2. Brain injury

Traumatic brain injuries affect the way the brain works, increasing the risk of ADHD.

3. Brain structure and function

Brain development and activity are different in people with ADHD. While some brain regions may be smaller, other areas may be more significant. Individuals with ADHD may also have an imbalance in the neurotransmitter levels in the brain.

4. Epilepsy

According to some studies, those having epilepsy are at risk of ADHD.

5. Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy

If women smoke or consume alcohol during pregnancy, there is a high likelihood of babies developing ADHD.

6. Premature delivery and low birth weight

Babies born premature (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) or those born with low birth weight have a higher probability of getting ADHD.

7. Exposure to toxins

Being exposed to toxic metals like lead at a young age or during pregnancy is a risk factor.

Conclusion

While there is no known cause of ADHD, researchers have identified some factors which may contribute to its development. Being aware of these risk factors can help in early diagnosis and treatment and improve the overall quality of life.

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