What is Heat Rash?

Causes

Heat rash or prickly heat occurs when sweat ducts get clogged, and the sweat does not evaporate properly. This leads to inflammation and irritation of the skin. Hot and humid weather is the primary cause of heat rashes as humidity increases sweating, which can lead to blockage of the sweat glands. Other causes include:

• Being in hot environment with poor ventilation

• Wearing tight clothing, especially those made of synthetic fabric

• Engaging in activities that cause excessive sweating

Symptoms

Depending on the severity of the heat, the type of rashes can vary. The primary symptom of heat rash is small, red bumps on the skin, especially on the back, which may be accompanied by itching or prickling sensation that can cause discomfort. The affected site may feel warmer than rest of the body.

These bumps typically appear in areas where there is excessive sweating or areas where more sweat tends to accumulate, such as the chest, back, neck, groin, or elbow creases.

Types

There are primarily four types of heat rashes:

• Miliaria crystalline:

This is the mildest type and it affects the sweat ducts, known as pores, closest to the surface of the skin. This result in tiny, clear blisters which usually appears as clear bumps filled with fluid that may break easily.

• Miliaria rubra:

This type affects deeper sweat ducts, causing small, inflamed, red bumps on the skin along with itching and discomfort.

• Miliaria pustulosa:

In this type the bumps become filled with pus.

• Miliaria profunda:

This is a less common and more severe form of heat rash that affects even deeper layers of the skin, resulting in larger, flesh-coloured bumps. The bumps look like goosebumps and are firm, painful, or itchy. They may even break open.

Treatment

The treatment of heat rash is focused on relieving the symptoms. The primary goal is to reduce itching and inflammation. In most cases, heat rash resolves on its own once the skin cools down and the sweat ducts clear. However, you can alleviate symptoms by:

• Apply an ice pack, cold towel, or any cold compression on the affected part of the skin. This will help the sweat ducts to cool down and open up. Cold packs will also help reduce inflammation and irritation.

• Wear loose cotton clothes so that the skin gets enough air. The breathable fabric will allow airflow and prevent further blockage of the sweat ducts.

• Avoid harsh soaps, lotions, and other skincare products that may worsen heat rash.

• Keep the affected part of the skin clean and dry.

• Apply talcum powder abundantly on the affected area to keep it dry and moisture-free. This can both prevent and cure heat rashes.

• Using OTC lotion or cream to soothe itching and inflammation.

Prevention

To prevent heat rash, try following measures:

1. Try to stay cool and dry in hot weather.

2. Wear lightweight and breathable clothing.

3. Stay hydrated.

4. When engaging in outdoor activities, take frequent breaks in cooler or shaded places.