Types of Dandruff: Causes, Treatment, Prevention

Dandruff is a scalp condition that affects many individuals but varies from person to person. Each form has different characteristics, reasons, and treatments. While dandruff is non-contagious, it may make some feel embarrassed or uncomfortable. But before you grab the nearest anti-dandruff shampoo, read on to know what type of dandruff is causing your scalp to itch and flake.

Types of Dandruff

Not all dandruff is equal. Listed below are four main types of dandruff and their characteristics:

1. Dry Skin Dandruff

This is most common type and it appears during winter as your scalp isn’t getting enough moisture due to the cold air and indoor heating, which makes it dry and flaky. The flakes are small—white and powdery—but they don’t result in redness or inflammation. Frequent hot water washes and harsh shampoos add to the problem.

Solution: Moisturising shampoos and oil massages

2. Oily Skin Dandruff

It is a more serious type of dandruff found among those with oily scalps. Over-production of sebum oil results in dead skin cells and dirt, forming larger, yellowish, and oilier flakes. The scalp may also appear red and itchy. The reason can be stress or hormonal changes. It can also affect other oily spots, like the eyebrows, ears, and chest. The more severe form of oily skin dandruff is seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Solution: Antifungal shampoos and balancing oil production

3. Fungal Dandruff

Malassezia, a naturally existing fungus, can overgrow on the scalp by feeding on excessive sebum. It causes flaking with thicker scales and a red, inflamed, itching scalp. Although they may appear similar to seborrhoeic dermatitis, they differ with different treatments.

Solution: Antifungal shampoos and medicated treatment

4. Disease-Related Dandruff

Skin conditions, like psoriasis and eczema, can trigger flaking and itching on the scalp. Psoriasis presents with thicker, silvery scales, while eczema may show red, inflamed patches and oozing.

Solution: Consult a doctor for medicated treatment.

When To See a Doctor?

There are times when seeking medical attention is necessary, such as:

1. Persistent or severe dandruff that does not improve with self-care treatments or anti-dandruff shampoos

2. Presence of redness, swelling, or itching

3. Existing skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema

4. Flaking accompanied by hair loss

A doctor can rule out any underlying medical conditions and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan.